References on a CV: Do You Need Them? (And How to Handle Them)
References still matter — but where and how you present them has changed. Filling precious CV space with names and numbers is usually the wrong move. Here's what to do instead, and how to line up references that genuinely help.
You usually don't list them on the CV
Modern practice is to leave detailed references off the CV. Employers ask for them later, once you're a serious candidate, so listing them upfront just wastes space. You don't even need the line "References available on request" — it's assumed.
When to include them
Include references directly only if the job posting explicitly asks for them, or in regions and sectors (some government and academic roles) where it's the expected norm. When you do, give each referee's name, title, organization, and contact details.
Choose the right people
The best references are former managers or senior colleagues who can speak specifically to your work. A recent, relevant supervisor beats a famous name who barely knows you. Avoid family and friends — employers want professional, credible voices.
Always ask first and prepare them
Never list someone without their permission. Ask in advance, confirm their current contact details, and tell them what role you're applying for so they can tailor what they say. A prepared referee gives a far stronger reference than a surprised one.
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